洋务运动与一体化文明

The Westernization Movement and the Integrated Civilization

用英国历史学家汤因比的"一体化文明"来观照发生于19世纪60年代至90年代的洋务运动,洋务运动失败的原因是洋务派只看到了西方先进的器物层面而很少有人看到西方发达的制度层面,只治其标,不治其本,本末倒置,只学习西方文明最外在、最肤浅的器物,而忽视了最重要的另外两个文明构成因子——制度和文化宗教信仰。

In contrast to the ＂Integrated Civilization＂ proposed by British historian Toynbee, the pro-westernization party＇s over-emphasis on the superficial prosperity of western countries instead of their advanced state system constitutes the root-cause for the failure of the Westernization Movement in the 1860＇s and 1890＇s. They solely focused on the external staff while neglecting the two other most important components of civilization namely： the system and the cultural and religious beliefs.