毛竹辐射诱变育苗的研究初报

Preliminary Research of Irradiation Breeding on Phyllostachys edulis

[目的]探讨利用辐射诱变培育毛竹的最佳剂量。[方法]利用不同剂量的60Coγ射线处理毛竹种子,对其辐射剂量进行初步研究。[结果]不同辐射剂量对毛竹种子的发芽率有一定的影响,以25Gy的发芽率最高,100Gy为"半致死剂量"(LD50),150Gy或更高的剂量为"致死剂量"(LD100)。不同辐射剂量对幼苗的生长产生一些影响,100Gy的诱变剂量株型明显矮于对照及其他处理,展叶数在各处理之间无明显差别。不同剂量处理均发生一定比例的黄化苗,其比例在10%～20%。大田移栽成活率在各处理间也存在显著差异,以25Gy的成活率最高,达85%,明显高于对照,而100Gy的成活率明显低于其他几个处理,仅为66%。[结论]60Coγ射线处理毛竹种子最适宜的辐射剂量为25Gy,其毛竹发芽率和大田移栽成活率最高。

[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the optimum irradiation dose for breeding Phyllostachys edulis by irradiation mutation. [Method] The seeds of Phyllostachys edulis were treated by using ^60Coγ rays with different irradiation doses to study their irradiation dose preliminarily. [Result] The different irradiation doses had some effect on the germination rate of P. edulis seeds. 25 Gy irradiation dose could get the highest germination rate, 100 Gy was halflethiferous （LD50）of germination rate and 150 Gy or more was lethiferous （LD100）of germination rate. The different irradiation doses had some effect on the seedling growth of P. edulis. The plant type of plantlets treated by100 Gy were dwarfisher than CK and another dose treatments, but there was no distinction on the number of frondescent among all irradiation dose treatments. There were 10%～15% of the yellowed plant among the various dose treatments. There was a remarkable difference on transplant survival rate in field among the all dose treatments, among which, 25 Gy had the highest survival rate, up to 85% and obviously higher than CK, while the survival rate of 100 Gy was obviously lower than other treatment, only being 66%. [Conclusion] the optimum irradiation dose for treating P. edulis by ^60Coγ rays was 25 Gy, whose germination rate and transplant survival rate in field were highest.