土荆芥中挥发油的提取工艺研究

Study on the Extraction Technology of Volatile Oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

[目的]优选土荆芥挥发油的最佳提取工艺。[方法]通过单因素实验和正交实验优化土荆芥中挥发油的提取工艺,研究浸泡时间、加水量、提取时间对土荆芥中挥发油提取得率的影响。[结果]单因素实验表明,随着提取时间、加水量、浸泡时间的增加,土荆芥中挥发油的提取得率逐渐增加,当提取时间接近5h、加水量700ml、浸泡时间75min时,土荆芥中挥发油的提取得率达到最大值。影响土荆芥中挥发油提取得率的最主要因素是提取时间,其次是浸泡时间,两者均达极显著水平(P<0.01),加水量的影响最小,达显著水平(P<0.05)。[结论]最佳提取工艺为:浸泡时间75min,提取时间6h、加水量700ml,该条件下,土荆芥中挥发油的提取得率达2.18%。

[Objective] The aim of the research was to optimize extraction technology of volatile oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. better. [Method] In single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, the extraction technology of the volatile oil from C. ambrosioides was optimized. The effects of soaking time, water addition and extraction time on the extraction yield of the volatile oil from C. ambrosioides were studied. [Result] The single-factor experiment showed that the extraction yield of the volatile oil from C. ambrosioides was gradually increased with the increase of extraction time, water addition and extraction time. When the extraction time was near to 5 h, or water additive was 700 ml, or the soaking time was 75 min, the extraction yield of the volatile oil from C. ambrosioides reached the maximum resp. The most main factor that affected the extraction yield of the volatile oil from C. ambrosioides was extraction time, followed by soaking time. The two reached the extremely significant level （P〈0.01）,while the effects of water addition was minimum, reaching significant level （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] The best extraction technology was as follows： soaking time of 75 min, extraction time of 6 h, water addition of 700 ml. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of the volatile soil from C. ambrosioides reached 2.18%.