年老化与文本理解

Aging and Text Comprehension

年老化与文本理解的研究表明,老年人在表层形式和文本基础两个低水平表征上的理解和记忆能力下降,而在情境模型的建构和提取、更新等加工过程中都没有发现由于年老化引起的能力下降。在介绍这些研究的基础上,从情境模型与另两个低水平加工的不同特点和老年人自身的特殊性两个方面分析了老年人在不同层次表征水平加工能力差异的原因。对情境模型水平加工能力保持的潜在机制及相关的影响因素,以及如何弥补在低水平加工中认知能力因年龄而产生的下降等问题还需要进行探讨。

According to previous researches about aging and text comprehension, while older adults＇ ability of comprehension and memory was decreased in the lower levels of surface form and textbase, the decline in the construction, updating and retrieval of situation model wasn＇t observed. Besides summarizing these researches, the reason for older adults＇ different ability in the two lower-level processing— surface form and textbase, and situation model processing, the higher-level processing, was analyzed from aspects of the characteristics of situation model and older adults. Further researches were needed in the underlying mechanism and influencing factor of the preserved ability and how it could be used to compensate the decline in other areas of cognitive function caused by natural aging.