现代学校与中国传统文化传承——一种文化生态学的视角

Modern School and Inheritance of Chinese Traditional Culture:A Perspective of Culture Ecology

从文化生态学的观点来看,中国传统文化作为一种文化类型,本身也是对特定生态进行适应的结果,它的核心特质都能在其与特定生态环境的关系中得到深入理解:天人合一源于农业技术不能掌控的自然环境;情理精神生成于以亲族血缘为基础的社会环境;伦理本位奠定于以情理精神为基本原则的规范环境。然而,现代学校作为起源于西方社会的组织机构,本身所构成的生态环境与中国传统文化具有内在的冲突,这种冲突经常使现代学校所传承的中国传统文化成为一种"僵死"的文化。因此,提升学校教育中传统文化传承实效性的一个重要措施就是在学校中要创设出与传统文化兼容的环境,使学校中的传统文化鲜活起来,从而在根本上为学校中传统文化的高效传承扫清障碍。

From the perspective of culture ecology, culture is a mechanism by which human adapts environment. As an outcome of adapting given environment, the inheritance of Culture type having different characters can’t be divorced from the special environment. The Chinese traditional culture is also an outcome of adapting environment, the core characters of which can be understood from the relations between it and environment. The notion of human life being in a highly harmony with nature is linked to nature which can’t be controlled by agricultural technologies; the sprit of reason in human feelings is born in society which is based on patriarchal clan system; the basis status of ethic is established in the world of norms which is underpinned by the sprit of reason in human feelings. However, modern school as an organization born in the western society can’t provides the environment in which Chinese traditional culture exits. The contradiction between modern school and Chinese traditional culture leads to the death of Chinese traditional culture in school. In order to improve inheritance of Chinese traditional culture in schooling, the modern school must be reformed.