养老保险:政府与市场作用的限度

Old-Age Insurance: Equilibrium between Government and Market

在养老保险计划发展过程中,尽管公共与私人养老保险相伴而生,但政府则一直是养老保险的主要提供者。时过境迁,私人养老计划的成长与壮大不断地吞噬着公共养老计划的领地,一部分国家实行市场化、私营化的养老计划,取得了显著的成绩,但都不同程度面临着改革的挑战;一部分国家仍坚持传统政府供给为主的模式,但在人口结构急速老化的时期则会导致政府财政入不敷出。如何把握养老保险私有化的限度则成为改革中的重点。政府履行其作为基本养老金提供者、宏观调控者和市场监督者的职能。市场则需要在提高养老金供给方面发挥优势。

Government always plays an important role during the development of the Old - Age Insurance, although private old - age pension has been used along with the public. After a long time, the private pension becomes very strong and replaced the public to somewhat. Some nations have taken reform of the privatization, and have gotten the great successes. But they also faced lots of barriers and challenges. Some other nations have kept the PAYG model. But it seems that the PAYG model is sacrifice after some years later, the government finance will become red. So we should build a balance between the government and the market in order to make them moving forward to the equilibrium.