从提点刑狱司制度看宋代“路”之性质

Study on the Character of Lu through the Tidianxingyusi(提点刑狱司) System in Song Dynasty

提点刑狱司是宋朝首创的专门化的路级司法、监察机构。是继转运司后设立的又一个对州县进行监管的重要路级机构。从提刑司制度所反映出的宋代路级机构某些共性的特征来看:它们具有较固定的行政管理区划,处于地方一定的行政管理层级之中,有大量的行政处置权力。因而宋代的"路",尤其伴随着中央下放除监察权外的大量行政权力到转运、提刑等机构之后,可以被认定为是州县之上的一级正式行政管理层级和行政区划。宋代的"路"是一种权力多源化、分权制衡、集权于中央的新型地方行政体制,是宋代政治精英们对中国古代地方行政制度建设所做出的创新和贡献。

Abstract. Tidianxingyusi（提点刑狱司 ） is also called Tixingsi （提刑司）. It originated from Song Dynasty. It was a special department which handled the local judicial and supervises work. It came after the Zhuanyunsi （转运司）. Through research the Tidianxingyunsi System（提点刑狱司制度）, it can be find that the organizations of Lu have some common characters. They have regular area and stay at regular administration degree; they have a lot of administration power. So that Lu, especially after it gets a lot of administration power except the supervisory power from the central government, it becomes a formal administration area. Lu is a new administration form which power is disperse, all the Lu governments supervise each other, and the power is concentrate to the central government. Lu in Song Dynasty is a kind of innovation and contribution by the political talents.