清代川东道的辖区与职能演变——兼论地方行政制度中道的性质

Study on the Evolution of the Chuandong Dao's District and Function in the Qing Dynasty——The Character of the Dao(道) in the Local Adminstrative Organization in the Qing Dynasty

川东道是解读清代地方行政制度的典型范本。通过考察,再次证明了道由一种临时性的藩臬二司派出机构,逐渐演变成有固定辖区和治所的府以上省以下的地方行政区划和机构。因应时变、灵活性和敏感性,使得川东道在晚清被附加了很多原本不相关的职能。尽管它本身不是一个完全近代化的职官,但由于府以上省以下的空隙过大,这种中层地方机构,在中国历史上始终是需要的。

This article is about the evolution of the district and function of Chuandong Dao（川东道）, serving as a typical form to understand the system of local administrative organizations in Qing Dynasty. This research again proves that Dao, as a derivative from the temporary organization of the provincial treasurer and jud.ge, gradually evolves into a local administrative division and organization with fixed juristic district, which hierarchically lies between prefectures and provinces. Because of its time-oriented nature and its flexibility and sensitivity, a lot of original irrelevant functions have been added to Chuandong Dao in late Qing Dynasty. Though Chuandong Dao itself is not a fully modern official organization, for the great gap between prefectures and provinces, it as a local administrative organization in middle level is always needed in the history of China all the time.