哈耶克的消极经济正义理论述评

On Hayek's Theory about Negative Economic Justice

"经济正义"是规范经济学的中心论题之一,而哈耶克的经济正义理论备受争议。通过梳理哈耶克关于"正义"的相关论述,可以发现其经济正义观是一种关于市场经济伦理正当性的消极经济正义理论。哈耶克证明,在市场自发规则下,人们只能拥有一种"免于强制"的消极正义,每个个体拥有种种可欲的财产权利和经济自由。哈耶克对市场正当性的论证超越了古典功利主义的理论高度,这是其最重要的贡献。这种消极经济正义观的弱点当然是明显的,但其关于个人权利、经济自由、规则正义、经济效率的精辟论述却具有正面价值,对我国完善社会主义市场经济秩序不无启示意义。

＂Economic Justice＂ is a focus thesis of Normative Economics, and Hayek＇ s theory on justice has been debated hotly in the academic community. This paper considers that Hayek holds a negative attitude to ＂economic justice＂, which argues for the moral justice of free market. Hayek interprets ： under the spontaneous order of market, people only possess a negative justice from coercion. He emphasizes that everyone has kinds of desirable properties and liberties morally. Hayek＇s theoretical contribution is that his argumentation surmounts the limits of classical Utilitarianism. Set Hayek＇s academic weakness aside, his incisive viewpoints on human right, economic liberty, the justice of hales, and economic effcieney are worthy for perfecting the socialism market.