美国印第安和我国彝族双语教育对比研究——基于两国少数民族语言政策的研究

A Comparative Study of the Impact of State Language Policy on Bilingual Education of Native American and Chinese Ethnic Yi

双语教育既是保护少数民族语言文化的重要手段,同时也是促进少数民族和主流民族交流与合作的必要途径。但由于实际情况不同,各国在双语教育政策制定和采取的教育模式上存在较大的差别。本文从文化多元论角度入手,对比研究了美、中两国少数民族语言政策是如何影响美国印第安和我国彝族双语教育目的的确定和模式的选择,从而得出结论,中国彝族双语教育主要是"维护多元文化型",而美国的双语教育在很大程度上是"过渡型",最终将印第安文化融入并同化到主流的盎格鲁-萨克逊白人文化。

Bilingual education is not only an essential tool to preserve and promote ethnic and cultures but a must to facilitate cooperation and exchange with mainstream culture of the difference of national systems and regional divergences, the U.S. and China adopt different minorities＇languages state. But due to the language policies to- wards the minorities. The paper, from the perspective of multicuhuralism, compares and contrasts the influence of the state language policy for minorities on the bilingual education mode and purpose of Native American and ethnic Yi people. It concludes that the main aim of Native American bilingual education is to assimilate them to the mainstream white culture, whereas, the main purpose of Ethic Yi bilingual education is largely to help preserve their native cultures and languages and meanwhile help them better understand the mainstream Han culture.