论小语种的语言保护问题--以基诺语、怒苏语为例

On the Protection of the Minority Languages——A Case Study of the Jinuo Language and the Nusu Language

小语种是中国语言研究的一个重要方面。小语种的研究不仅具有特殊的理论价值,而且还有重要的应用价值。本文以基诺语、怒苏语为例,说明藏缅语族小语种的语言在现代化进程中使用功能有所衰退,具体表现在青少年母语能力的下降、母语使用上出现代际差异、传统姓氏取名的改变等方面。本文提出对小语种实行保护的几个措施,包括政府积极扶持、民间广泛倡导、专家潜心研究、国家政策干预等,以延缓它们的衰退速度,为实现多语言的和谐并存、多元文化的共同发展而努力。

Minority languages are one focus of linguistic research in China, whose study has not only special theoretical value but also important practical value. This paper is a case study of the Jinuo language and the Nusu language of the Tibetan-Burmese minority languages and concludes that in the modernization process their functions are weakening, which are reflected in the poorer use of their mother tongues by the youngsters, the generation gap and the change of the traditional naming system. The paper brings up some suggestions for their protection such as the government support and favorable policies, the popularization of these languages among the general public, and the research of the experts, which will help the coexistence and development of multi-languages and cultural pluralism.