诵赋而惊汉主——司马相如与汉宫廷赋考述

Sima Xiangru and Han Emperor Wudi

司马相如是中国历史上最早的一位宫廷文学侍从,他的宫廷赋创作三次"惊"动汉武帝,既成就了他与武帝一生的文缘,也奠定了其在赋史上的"赋圣"地位。相如献给武帝的"天子游猎之赋",形象地表现了汉武帝时期文化的形成,他的创作既是汉帝国文化制度统一进程的产物,又引领了汉赋由蕞尔小邦而蔚然大国的新时代。但由于汉代赋家的生存地位与创作处境,相如始终只是皇帝身边的弄臣,其赋作的内在矛盾,同样体现了历史的必然性。

Sima Xiangru, the first court literary servant in the Chinese history, surprises the Emperor Wudi three times with his fu, which accomplishes his life-long literary relation with Emperor Wudi and establishes his position in the history of fu as ＂Sage of Fu＂. Xiangru＇s fu creation is a product of the cul- tural system unification process of the Han Empire and leads to a new era of fu from budding to prosperi- ty. Due to the fu writers＇ living status and creating environment, however, Xiangru is simply a subservient subject accompanying the emperor and the internal contradiction of his fu embodies the historical necessity.