内科病房护士的工作压力及其影响因素

Investigation on Work Stress and Related Factors of Clinic Nurses

目的通过调查内科病房护士工作压力的相关资料，分析其主要的工作压力及其影响因素，并探讨如何制定相应的对策减轻护士的工作压力。方法对160名内科病房护士进行问卷调查，问卷内容包括一般资料和护士工作压力源量表两部分，对护士工作压力与年龄、学历、职称、婚姻状况的关系采用方差分析或独立样本￡检验。结果（1）在工作压力的5个部分中，得分由高到低排序依次为工作量及时间分配、护理专业及工作、工作环境及资源、患者护理、管理及人际关系；（2）各年龄组在工作量及时间分配问题上的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），不同学历组在工作量及时间分配、工作环境及资源和管理及人际关系方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），不同婚姻状况的护士在工作量及时间分配问题上的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论内科病房护士的工作压力较大，其中以26～45岁、大专及以上学历和已婚护士为著；在临床护理实践中，管理者可通过加强人力资源管理、注重人性化管理和提高自我效能感等方法来减轻护士的工作压力。

Objective To investigate the work stress and related factors of clinic nurses, and provide appropriate methods to reduce the work pressure for nurses. Methods 160 nurses working in the medical ward of our hospital were selected by overall sampling method. These nurses were investigated with a self-designed report questionnaire of the work pressure and related factors. The questionnaire was composed of two parts：general information and work stressors. The correlation between nurses＇ work stress and their age, academic degree, professional title,and marriage status was analyzed with independent sample t -test. Results （1）Work stress of clinic nurses was affected by many factors. The top 5 factors include workload and time-allocation problems, professional and work-related problems, environment and resources problems, patient care problems, and administration and human-relationship problems. （2） There was significant difference of workload and time-allocation problems among various age-group nurses（ P 〈0.05）. It was also significant different among various academic degree nurse groups（ P 〈0. 05） ,as well as among va- rious marriage status nurse groups（ P〈0.05）. There was also significant difference of working environment and resources problems and administration human-relationship problems among vari- ous academic nurse groups（ P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Clinic nurses in medical wards may feel great pressure during the work. The nurses of 26 to 45 years old, higher educated and being married may feel greater pressure. The managers should alleviate the pressure of nurses by strengthening the human resources management, human-oriented management or improving nurses＇ self-efficacy.