干旱区内陆河流域的生态安全与生态需水量研究--兼谈塔里木河生态需水量问题

An Analysis of the Ecological Security and Ecological Water Requirements in the Inland River of Arid Region

结合对干旱区生态安全和生态需水量关键科学问题的探讨,提出干旱内陆河流域生态脆弱区的生态安全分析是以水过程研究为核心的,水文过程控制着生态过程,对流域生态系统的稳定性有着直接影响,而水资源开发利用和水循环对生态系统功能有重要影响,天然植物恢复和生长的合理地下水位的研究是确立生态需水量的基础。并实证分析和计算了维系塔里木河生态安全的生态需水量,塔里木河干流现状生态需水量为31.74×108m3,其中,上、中、下游分别为9.95×108m3、18.47×108m3和3.32×108m3。

Combined with the discussion of key scientific problems concerning ecological security and water requirement in arid region, the paper puts forward a fact that Arid inland river basin, hydrologically, represents a relative closed catchments and a self- existent hydro-ecosystem, in which the water and eco-environment are interrelated and controlled, and formed the main body of river ecosystem. The ecological security analysis on fragile ecosystems in arid inland river basin are centering on water processes. Water processes control the ecological processes and affect the stability of ecosystems directly. Water resources development and utilization and water cycle have an important impact on the function of ecosystems. The study of reasonable groundwater table for the restoration and growth of natural vegetation is the basis for the establishment of ecological water requirement, and the study of water requirement has a very important significant in both ecological security and water use in arid land. By demonstration analysis, the present ecological water requirement maintaining the ecol.ogical security in the Tarim River was estimated at 31.74 ×10^8m^3, of which 9.95 ×10^8m^3, 18.47×10^8m^3 and 3.32 ×10^8m^3 for the upper, middle and lower reaches, respectively.