上海地区2378名新生儿听力筛查分析

Hearing screening of 2 378 neonates in Shanghai

为探索如何开展新生儿听力筛查工作，研究正常新生儿和新生儿监护室（ＮＩＣＵ）重症监护儿的听力障碍发病情况及听力障碍高危因素。对上海地区２３７８名新生儿进行听力筛查。正常新生儿组和ＮＩＣＵ重症监护儿组分别为１９７９人和３９９人。分别做听觉行为测定、信访和电话访问、脑干听觉诱发电位（ＡＢＲ）检查。结果：正常新生儿组和ＮＩＣＵ组的听力障碍发生率分别为０．３０％和２２．６０％，其中重度以上听力障碍分别为０．０５％和１．００％。提示高胆红素血症、庆大霉素注射史、卡那霉素注射史、低出生体重和化脓性脑膜炎可能是听力障碍的高危因素。

To explore how to run the neonatal hearing screening and to investigate the incidence of hearing loss in normal neonate group and the neonatal ICU(NICU) group and the high risk factors of hearing loss, the authors carried out hearing screening in 2 378 neonates in Shanghai. The neonates were divided into two groups: normal neonate group (1979) and NICU group (399). The methods included behavioral observation audiometry, questionnaire and telephone call, auditory brainstem responses. The results showed that the incidence of hearing loss in normal neonate group and the NICU group were 0.30% and 22.60%, respectively, and the incidence of serious hearing loss was 0.05% and 1.00%, respectively. The results suggested that the high risk factors for hearing loss were hyperbilirubinemia, history of gentamycin or kanamycin injection, low birth weight and purulent meningitis.