家庭因素对儿童个性的影响

A study on family factors influencing children′s personalities

为探讨家庭因素对儿童个性的影响，采用儿童１４种个性因素问卷（ＣＰＱ）和自制家庭因素问卷对５９５名１０～１３岁儿童的个性及其家庭因素进行调查。结果表明家庭因素对儿童个性有显著影响。多元回归分析发现，管理态度是影响儿童个性最突出的因素；亲子亲密度和教养方式，父母体质对儿童个性均有不同的影响；其他家庭因素如父母文化水平、教养意见分歧、父母婚姻状况、家庭气氛等也对儿童的某些个性因素产生影响。提示为了促进儿童良好个性的形成，应该努力创造良好的家庭环境，管理子女要有原则性；父母要和子女保持正常亲子关系；父母要不断提高自身素质，为子女树立良好榜样；家庭气氛要和谐，避免不必要的争吵。

To probe into the family factors′ influences on children′s personalities, the authors investigated the personalities and the family factors of 595 children 10～13 years of age with Children′s Personality Questionnaire (CPQ) and family factors questionnaire devised by the investigators. Multifactor regression analysis indicated that managing attitude was the most prominent factor influencing children′s personality, which influenced 6 personality factors; parent chlid cohesion and educatinal way influenced 4 personality factors each; parental physique influenced 3 personality factors. Other family factors, such as educational level of parents, divergence of educational views, parental marital status and family atmosphere also influenced some children′s personality factors. Therefore, to promote children′s good personality, parents should try to create a good family environment. In managing children, parents should not pamper or be too strict with children, and should keep normal relations with their children. In educating children, parents should adopt democratic and persuasive methods, try to improve themselves and set up a good example for their children. It is also important to keep accordant educational views, harmonic family atmosphere and avoid unnecessary quarrels.