多药耐药细胞株A549/Gem的建立及其生物学特性研究

Establishment and biological characteristics of a multi-drug resistant cell line A549/Gem

背景和目的多药耐药是导致非小细胞肺癌患者生存期缩短的重要因素。本研究建立了多药耐药细胞株A549/Gem;通过研究其生物学特性,初步从细胞水平分析其获得性耐药的可能机制。方法以人肺腺癌细胞株A549为亲代细胞,采用"临床血浆峰浓度冲击与逐步增加剂量相结合诱导"法,用吉西他滨进行诱导,建立多药耐药细胞株A549/Gem,把诱导过程中的细胞命名为A549/Gem'。分别在诱导前、诱导过程中和诱导成功后的三个不同时间点,应用MTT法检测其耐药指数和对其他化疗药物的敏感性,置于倒置光学显微镜下观察形态学特征,通过绘制生长曲线计算倍增时间,流式细胞术分析细胞周期分布,免疫细胞化学染色检测P53、EGFR、c-erb-B-2、PTEN、PCNA、c-myc、VEGF、MDR-1、Bcl-2、nm23、MMP-9、TIMP-1和CD44v6蛋白的表达,实时荧光定量PCR法检测RRM1 mRNA表达。结果A549/Gem^++细胞对吉西他滨耐药指数为163.228,对长春瑞宾(耐药指数为5.587±1.210)、多西他赛(耐药指数为102.147±10.259)、氟尿嘧啶(耐药指数为38.694±9.635)、依托泊甙(耐药指数>1000)、顺铂(耐药指数为2.357±11.209)耐药,对紫杉醇(耐药指数为0.264±0.024)、奥沙利铂(耐药指数为0.596±0.128)敏感;倍增时间(146.941h)比A549细胞(186.479h)缩短,G0-G1期细胞(分别为77.07%、71.30%)增多,失去PTEN、PCNA和MDR-1表达,P53、Cerb-B-2和bcl-2表达减弱,出现EGFR(+)、c-myc(+)表达,nm23表达增强,而MMP-9、VEGF、CD44v6和TIMP-1表达无变化,RRM1 mRNA的相对表达量明显增多。A549/Gem细胞对吉西他滨的耐药指数为129.783,并保持长春瑞宾(耐药指数为4.969±1.203)、多西他赛(耐药指数为58.669±15.206)、依托泊甙(耐药指数>1000)、顺铂(耐药指数为92.594±0.269)耐药性和紫杉醇敏(耐药指数为0.584±0.115)感性,但均较A549/Gem'细胞有所降低,而对奥沙利铂的敏感性(耐药指数为0.259±0.195)和对氟尿嘧啶的耐药性(耐药指数为0.958±0.152)消失,倍增时间(155.749 h)比A549/Gem'细胞稍延长,G0-G1期细胞稍减少,P53、EGFR、PCNA和MDR-1表达与A549/Gem'相同,出现TIMP-1、PTEN表达,Cerb-B-2、MMP-9、c-myc和bcl-2表达增强,nm23表达消失,而VEGF和CD44v6表达始终无变化,RRMl mRNA的相对表达量较A549/Gem'明显减少。与A549细胞相比,A549/Gem细胞逐渐呈现出如下形态学特征:形态不规则、形态各异、大小不一,且透光性减弱。结论A549/Gem细胞的生物学特性较A549细胞发生较大变化,其多药耐药性的发生与多种基因表达有关。

Background and objective Multi-drug resistance is one of the most important reason why the survival time of non-small cell lung cancer patients is so short. The aim of this study is to establish multi-drug resistant cell line A549/Gem and discuss its biological characters so as to elaborate the possible mechanisms of gemcitabine resistance. Methods Human gemcitabine-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549/Gem was established by repeated clinical serous peak concentration then low but gradually increasing concentration of gemcitabine from its parental cell human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 which is sensitive to gemcitabine. During the course of inducement, monitored its morphology, checked its resistance index and resistant pedigree by MTT method, gathered its growth curve and calculated its doubling time, examined its DNA contents and cell cycles by flow cytometry; at the same time, measured its expression of P53, EGFR, c-erb-B-2, PTEN, PCNA, c-myc, VEGF, MDR-1, Bcl-2, nm23, MMP-9, TIMP-1, CD44v6 Proteins, and RRM1 mRNA. Results The resistance index of A549/Gem＇ to gemcitabine was 163.228, and the cell line also exhibited cross-resistance to vinorelbine, taxotere, fluomuraci,, etoposide and cisplatin, but kept sensitivity to paclitaxol and oxaliplatin. The doubling time of it was shorter and figures in G0-G1 phase were increased than A549. Compared with A549, A549/Gem＇ achieved EGFR and c-myc protein expression, nm23 protein expression enhanced, p53, Cerb-B-2 and bcl-2 protein expression re- duced, PTEN, PCNA and MDR-1 protein expression vanished, but that of MMP-9, VEGF, CD44v6 and TIMP-1 protein changed trivially. Meanwhile, the expression of RRM1 mRNA was augmented markedly. The resistance index of A549/Gem to gemcitabine was 129.783, and the cell line also held cross-resistance to vinorelbine, taxotere, e- toposide, cisplatin and sensitivity to paclitaxol. But the resistance to fluorouracil and sensitivity to oxaliplatin van- ished. And the expression of RRM 1 mRNA decreased visibly. The doubling time of A549/Gem was longer and figures in G0-G1 phase were decreased than A549/Gem＇. It＇s expressions of P53, EGFR, PCNA and MDR-1 protein was same to that of A549/Gem＇. A549/Gem achieved TIMP-1 and PTEN protein expression, Cerb-B-2, MMP-9, c-myc and bcl-2 protein expression enhanced, nm23 protein expression vanished, but the expression of VEGF and CD44v6 protein changed trivially. Furthermore, Compared with its parental cell, A549/Gem was mixed with giant cells of different sizes that were larger and more irregular. Conclusion The multi-drug resistant non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549/Gem has multi-drug resistance and great change of biological character compared with its parental cell. And the change can participate in the formation of multidrug resistance.