清代顺天乡闱的空间、仪式与社会教化刍议

On the space,ceremony and socialization of the Shuntian country academy in Qing

"乡闱"一词是指科举时代士人应乡试的考场,即各省所设的贡院。河北省的考生主要在顺天乡闱内考试。作为科举考试中乡试的物质承载体,清代十六个乡闱在一定程度上都有相对固定的空间布局。另外,政府还规定了一些相关政策法令,事实上,在乡闱内部还往往存在着一些约定俗成的惯例和仪式,这些惯例和仪式在约束考官和考生方面有时候比国家明文法令更为有效。清代顺天乡闱的空间布局和仪式在时人的心理层面起到特殊的社会教化作用。

Academy is a place to hold imperial examinations in the Qing dynasty. The examinees from Hebei take their examinations in the Shuntian country academy, one of the 16 academies in Qing. The academy occupies stable space, and sees it that the national edicts, policies, as well as the customs are all effectively observed. So this paper depicts a new aspect of the special influences of the country academy.