否定的逻辑——华北村落庙会中平权与等级的社会认知基础

The Logic of Negation: Equality and Hierarchy in Temple Meetings in North China

此文首先提出"否定的逻辑"这一概念,借此说明在华北庙会节庆上经常会观察到的表面上看似矛盾的一些现象。庙会是仪式生活的阶段,但作者发现,在此阶段中所体现的等级建构实际上恰恰隐含一种对于这种建构本身的否定。依据对华北庙会的考察,特纳在非洲所发展出来的仪式过程的模型应该修改为:对等级的否定的心智倾向从日常生活中生发出来,但在庙会仪式生活中,这种等级似乎又得到重新建构,但这实际上还是一种否定,其通过欢快的表演而得以实现。最后,一种新的平等状态会通过这种内隐的消去等级结构的去结构化的倾向而获得,而这种等级结构状态在仪式过程的中间状态之初是作为一个背景,而在仪式过程的最后阶段,也就是日常生活的状态,其又很快转化为图形而从背景中突显出来。

The logic of negation is a category that is developed here for the explanation of the seeming contradicting phenomena happened in the temples meeting festival （miaohui） in a north China area. The author stresses that what is happened in the time of hierarchical construction on miaohui,i.e, ritual life time,is implied a possibility of negation to the construction itself. The model of ritual process dedicated by Victor Turner is necessary to be corrected as. The mental tendency of hierarchical negation is emerging from everyday life,then it is transmitted into the hierarchy construction apparently in ritual life and which should be seen really as a negation to the hierarchy by the mask of pleasure displays, such as procession performance on miaohui,as a result,a new egalitarian state would be achieved by the implicit destructing tendency to the structured state which is in the beginning as a ground in the middle stage of a ritual process and coming into a figure in the final stage,i.e, ordinary life.