绣针河口附近岸线变迁特征

The characteristics of modern coast erosion-accretion change near the Xiuzhenhe River Estuary

根据1963年、1980年、1984年、1997年的历史地图和数字影像图以及2002年、2003年的现场岸滩地貌和岸线测量结果,分析了绣针河口附近岸滩现代岸线的变迁特征,并根据岸滩冲淤演化的特点,将岸滩分为5段,结果显示:东潘家村以北的沙丘海岸目前处于侵蚀后退状态,平均蚀退速率为6～8m/a;东潘家村至岚山头岸段为基岩海岸,除人类活动影响的区域外,岸滩变化是轻微的:1970年至1974年间低潮线后退40～100m,在岚山头岬角以西的王家庄沿岸,从1963年到1984年,海岸线后退了360～540m,岚山港建港以后,海岸遂稳定在现今人工海堤附近;绣针河口区河口海岸的动态变化主要受人类活动的影响;绣针河口至大新庄岸段主要为堆积性岸段;大新庄至韩口主要为侵蚀性岸段,自1963年至今一直处于侵蚀后退状态。修建人工堤坝和挖沙是研究区内人类活动对岸滩影响的主要形式,人工堤坝的修建在一定程度和一定范围内有利于海岸线的稳定,而挖沙将直接导致和加剧海岸的侵蚀。

According to the historic map of 1963 and 1984 and the survey result of the coast in 2002, and the flight photo taken by Jiangsu Province Bureau of Surveying and Mapping in 1980 and taken by Shandong Province Bureau of Surveying and Mapping in 1997, and the observation results of the coastal landform in July, 2002 and April, 2003, the erosion-accretion change characteristic of the coast near the Xiuzhenhe River Estuary can be analyzed. The results show that： the coast in the study area can be divided into five segments： the dune coast in the north of Dongpanjia Village, the bedrock cape coast from Dongpanjia Village to Lanshantou, the estuary coast in the Xiuzhenhe River Estuary, the silty coast from Xiuzhenhe River Estuary to Daxinzhuang and the erosive coast from Daxinzhuang to Hankou. And there are different characteristics in each segmental coast. The dune coast in the north of Dongpanjia Village is now in erosion and average rate of erosion is 6-8 m/a; the bedrock cape coast from Dongpanjia Village to Lanshantou, outside the region impacted of human activities, change little： the low tidal line retreated 40-100 m from 1970 to 1974. In the west of Lanshantou, the coastline retreated 360-540 m from 1963 to 1984. The coastline has been in stability near the artificial sea wall since Lanshan Port built. The change of the coast in the Xiuzhenhe River Estuary are mainly impacted by human activities. The coast from Xiuzhenhe River Estuary to Daxinzhuang is in accretion; the coast from Daxinzhuang to Hankou is in erosion and has been retreated since 1963. Human activities in the study area are mainly building artificial dikes and dredging sands. Building dikes is good to stabilize the coast in certain extent; dredging sand directly aggravate the coast erosion. In the end, we suggest that the interrelated departments should make measure to stop dredging sand and in order to reduce the coast erosion and make the coast stabilization.