论老子“不以知治国”的思想

On Laozi's "not to rule by reason" ideas

为了研究老子无为而治的政治思想的理论基础,通过文本细读法细致检视了老子关于权力"以知治国"(恃理性治国)偏好的论述,挖掘了老子"不以知治国"的主张,认为老子发现了掌权者有理性主义的天然偏好;在老子看来,对治道的任何一种表述都不可能是治道本身;政府的理性对它所治理的社会具有恒定的无知性;对已成大患的"问题"宜采取"顺势疗法",但最好是"为之于未有,治之于未乱",从一开始就给民间给个人以足够的自主空间。

In order to study the theoretical foundation of the political thinking about the governance of Laozi＇s inaction, Lao Zi＇ exposition about powers＇ peculiarity “to rule by reason” （to rule by dependable rational ability）has been had a detailed view in the text. With the excavation of Laozi, “not to rule by reason” ideas,it is found that there exists a natural preference of rationalism; in Laozi＇s view, the Governance Dao of any of the statements can not be Governance Dao itself; the rational ability of a government is a constant ignorance to the society it rules ; the developed “problem” should be taken “homeopathy”, but it would be best to “deal with things before they happen; Create order before there is confusion. ” , from the beginning gave people enough space of the autonomy for individuals.