儿童过敏患者致敏原筛查及相关因素分析

Allergen screening and its correlated factor analysis among 2276 allergic children

目的研究深圳市儿童常见过敏原的致敏情况,为儿童过敏性疾病的防治提供科学依据。方法应用全自动体外免疫诊断仪(UniCAP100)对2 276例儿童患者进行9种常见吸入性和8种常见食入性过敏原体外免疫测试,计算各种过敏原的致敏阳性率,分析儿童过敏的季节性分布和过敏原对不同性别儿童的致敏差异。结果吸入性过敏原中粉尘螨、屋尘螨和屋尘为主要过敏原,致敏阳性率分别为76.02%,75.46%和62.37%。其他依次为蟑螂、蛾、苋科、白千层、木麻黄和桑树。食入性过敏原中主要过敏原为鸡蛋和牛奶,致敏阳性率分别为49.58%和46.66%%;其他依次为小麦、虾、花生、黄豆、螃蟹和鱼。过敏原对儿童致敏季节性分布分析显示,一年中初冬(11,12月)和春季(3,4月)2个时期为过敏性疾病的高发期。结论在深圳市,粉尘螨、屋尘螨和屋尘是主要的儿童吸入性过敏原,鸡蛋和牛奶是主要的儿童食入性过敏原,总体上吸入性过敏原的危害性大于食入性过敏原。对儿童过敏性疾病的防治重点在入冬和春季2个时期。

Objective To study common allergens and provide basis for the prevention and treatment of children allergic diseases. Methods Using automatic in vitro immunity diagnosis meter （UniCAP100）, 9 kinds of inhalation allergens and 8 kinds of food allergens were tested in 2,276 children allergy cases. The positive rate of each kind of allergen, the seasonal distribution of allergic diseases in children and the sex differences of positive rates of allergens among children were analyzed. Resuits Dermatophagoides farinae, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and house dust are the main inhalation allergens and the positive rates of them are 76.02 %, 75.46 % and 62.37 % respectively. Other allergens are cockroaches, mothes, amaranthes, cajeputs, horsetail beefwoods and mulberry trees. The main food allergens are eggs and milk and the positive rates of them are 49.58 % and 46.66 % respectively. Other food allergens are wheat, shrimps, peanuts, soybean, crabs and fishes. The seasonal distribution of allergic diseases in children demonstrated that there were two periods in a year, the early winter （Nov., Dec. ） and the spring （ Mar., Apr. ）, in which children tend to suffer from allergens more frequently than any other periods. Conclusion In Shenzhen, dermatophagoides farinae, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and house dusts are the main inhaliation allergens and eggs and milk are the main food allergens. As a whole, the harmfulness of inhalation allergens is higher than food allergens. The prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children should be paid much more attention to in the early winter and spring in a year.