论黄宗羲“诗史”思想内涵及其文化品格

On Huang Zong-xi"Epic"Ideological Connotation and Its Cultural Chracters

黄宗羲是一位炳炳百世、熠熠万代的伟大思想家,他的诗学思想散见于平生所作的诗序、传记、碑表、墓志铭中,并与政治、经济、哲学、伦理、教育等相关领域问题的论述纽结在一起,他的诗学思考视野开阔,于多层面、多角度的批评实践中提出了"史亡而后诗作"的"诗史"命题,该立论在三个维度上引发并深化着对传统"诗史"观念的探讨:1."诗之与史,相为表里者也";2."诗补史之阙";3."诗为史外传心之史"。曲折的遗民人生经历使黄宗羲把诗看作是一种"有意味的形式"的特殊存在,他用诗来作为思索社会的起点和记录心脉的总结,意图在矛盾纷繁的时代境域焦虑中突围。他的"诗史"思想谱系隐喻了鲜明的时代精神和浓郁的文化内涵——批判性精神、兼收并蓄的胸襟和经世致用的旨归,他以其"诗史"实践勾画出晚明的眉目,震响着清初的风雷。探究黄宗羲"诗史"的思想内涵及文化品格,必须把黄宗羲对"诗史"观念的论述纳入到中国古典诗学流变的整体历史进程中来考察,并结合黄氏所生活的明清鼎革易代的社会历史文化语境来作横向和纵向的审美观照,以期管窥其对传统诗论承传与创新的过渡意义。

Huang Zong-xi is a great thinker. His thought is contained in his poems, biographies, landmark table, epitaph knotted with other political, economic, philosophical, ethical, educational relevant areas of the exposition. His poetic vision broadens their thinking, in the multi-faced, multi-angle criticism in the practice of the ＂history of death and then poetry＂ in ＂epic＂ propo- sition. The arguments are in three dimensions triggering and deepening the traditional ＂epic＂ concept. Hard and twisted life experiences make Huang Zong-xi regard poems as a meaningful form of existence. He uses poetry as a starting point for thinking and social record of a summary of the contradictions of the times. His epic thinking indicates the spirit of the times and rich cultural connotations a critical spirit. In order to explore Huang Zong-xi＇s thought connotation and cultural character in his ＂epic＂, it is necessary to put his epic conception into the process of the change of Chinese classic poetry of the whole history and combine his cultural context of his life as the aesthetic contrast, so as to see its traditional heritage and the poetics of transferring the significance of innovation.