略论清前期理学的复兴、作用和影响

Research on the Revival,Function and Influence of New Confucianism in Early Qing Dynasty

清朝前期,由于各种复杂的历史原因,理学仍然是风行学坛、无可替代的学术流派。活跃于大江南北的主要学者,非尊程朱,即崇陆王,或者打出调和程朱陆王的旗帜,真正高张"反理学"旗帜者不啻凤毛麟角。在此期间,程朱理学的复兴无疑是清朝前期思想学术变化的重要一幕。程朱理学之所以复兴,不仅受到清朝统治者的支持,而且还有广泛的社会基础,适应了清初社会由乱而治、重建封建秩序的需要。此期的程朱理学具有政治性、学术性的两重性质,充当了官方哲学的角色,深刻地影响了当时的政治、思想、学术、文化和社会习俗的发展变化,产生了多方面的和复杂的社会影响。

As a result of all kinds of complex historical reasons, Neo-Confucianism is an academic school which is still prevailing and can not be substituted by another one in early Qing Dynasty. Without doubt, in the period the revival of Cheng-Zhu＇s NeoConfucianism is an important element in the intellectual history＇s changes in early Qing Dynasty. The reasons for Cheng-Zhu＇s Neo-Confucianism revival are that it not only receives the Qing Dynasty ruler＇s support, but also has the widespread social basis. It satisfies the requirements of early Qing Dynasty that it needs stable society and reconstruction feudalism orders. In this time, Cheng-Zhu＇s Neo-Confucianism has twofold nature, political nature and academic nature. It has played the official philosophy role and profoundly affects the developments and changes of politics, thought, academic, culture, and social customs. Moreover, it has brought various and the complex social impacts.