我国公民财产权保障的宪法与行政法审视

Review of Protection of Chinese Citizen's Property Right in Constitution and Administrative Law

财产权是公民的一项重要权利,它不仅需要宪法的确认和规范,更需要行政法的保障。作为公权力的行政权由于其所具有的广泛性、直接性、单方面性、强制性等特征,使其成为公民财产权最大的侵害源。假借公共利益、违法作为、怠于行政、滥用职权是其侵害公民财产权的重要表现形式。我国2004年的修宪已经在三个层面上确认并保障公民的财产权,但是由于宪法规定本身的不完善,以及观念和认识上的不正确,导致我国现行行政法在保护公民财产权方面尚存在范围狭小、对行政权约束过于宽泛、行政救济对象与事项偏小和偏少等不足。为此,应当在完善宪法对公民财产权的保障制度、正确认识公民财产权在行政法中的地位的基础上,构建完善的公民财产权行政法律保护体系,以加强对公民财产权的行政法制保障。

Property right is an important right of citizens. It needs not only the recognition and stipulation in constitution, but also the protection of constitution. As a public power, the administrative power becomes the primary cause of impairment of citizen＇s property right because of its character of extensive, direct, unilateral and compulsive. The important ways of impairment of citizen＇ s property include conduct under the pretext of public interests, maladministration, remissness of duty, misuse of authority. The amendment of constitution in 2004 has confirmed and protected citizen＇ s property rights at three levels. But the intrinsic weaknesses of the constitution provisions and some problems caused by misunderstand, such as, the protection scope of property right in Chinese administrative law is narrow, the restriction on administrative power is loose, and the object of protection is not enough. Therefore, it is necessary to build a complete administrative law system to strengthen the protection of citizen＇ s property right on the basis of perfection the constitutional protection and correct understanding the of citizen＇ s property right＇ s status in administrative law.