少数民族地区小学生行为问题及其影响因素

ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS FOR PUPILS IN THE MINORITY AREAS

[目的]探讨少数民族地区小学生行为问题特征及干预对策。[方法]采用整群抽样,抽取小学生1140名,用Rutter儿童行为父母问卷及自编相关因素调查表进行测查。[结果]少数民族地区小学生行为问题检出率为18.9%,其中男生检出率高于女生(21.2%/16.4%,χ2=4.17,P=0.041);汉族、布依族、苗族学生行为问题检出率分别为20.2%、17.7%、13.9%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.25,P=0.325)。在行为问题学生中,A行为检出率5.2%;N行为检出率为8.7%;M行为检出率为5.0%。汉族学生A行为检出率为6.0%、N行为8.7%、M行为5.5%;少数民族学生A行为检出率为4.0%、N行为8.6%、M行为4.2%,民族间差异无统计学意义(χA2=1.788,PA=0.181;χN2=0.003,PN=0.958;χM2=0.928,PM=0.335)。[结论]黔南州小学生行为问题检出率高于国内其他研究,提示在贫困的少数民族地区小学生行为问题已成为亟待解决的公共卫生问题。

[Objective] To explore the behavioral problems and its influencing factors for pupils in the minority areas . [Methods] 1 140 pupils were selected by cluster samphng method, and investigated with Rutter＇s child behavioral questionnaires （parents version） and self-edited influential factors checklists. [ Results] The detection rate of behavioral problems for pupils was 18.9%, and the rate for male pupils was significantly higher than that for female pupils （21.2%/16.4%, x^2 = 4.17, P = 0.041）; The detection rate for Han pupils, Buyi pupils and Miao puplils were 20.2%, 17.7% and 13.9%, respectively, and no significantly difference was found among them （x^2 = 2.25, P = 0.325）. The detection rates of type A, type N and type M behavioral problems were 5.2%, 8.7% and 5.0%, respectively. For Han pupils, the rates of type A, type N and type M behavioral problems were 6.0%, 8.7% and 5.5%, respectively; For minority pupils, the rates of type A, type N and type M behavioral problems were 4.0%, 8.6% and 4.2%, respectively. No significant difference was found among different nationalities （xA^2 = 1.788, PA= 0.181 ; xN^2 = =0.003, PN = 0.958; xM^2 = 0.92, PM = 0.335）. [Conclusion] The detection rate of behavior problems for pupils in Qiannan area was significantly higher than that reported by other researchers, which demonstrated that the behavioral problems of preschool children have become an urgent public health problem.