卵巢癌抗增殖基因的研究进展

Progress in research on anti-proliferative genes in ovarian carcinoma

卵巢癌是威胁妇女生命的常见妇科恶性肿瘤之一,虽然发病率在女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤中居第2位,但由于约70%的卵巢癌临床发现时已属晚期,卵巢癌的死亡率居女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤的首位。肿瘤发生为多步骤过程,包括癌基因的激活和/或抑癌基因的失活作用而导致细胞增殖增强与凋亡受到抑制,卵巢癌的发生亦是与细胞增殖分化相关的癌基因、抑癌基因多阶段相互作用的结果。基因功能的异常导致肿瘤发生,由于正常细胞在其发生、发展、分化的各阶段均可发生基因异常,这就导致新的治疗策略—基因治疗的产生。基因治疗在肿瘤领域的成功应用为卵巢癌的基因治疗奠定了基础。对于卵巢癌治疗的最新探索中,基因治疗令人瞩目,在动物实验及对一些卵巢癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ期临床患者的研究中取得了一定疗效,成为继手术、化疗、放疗之后全新且前景广泛的一种治疗模式。

Ovarian carcinoma is one of common gynecological malignant tumors which threatens woman＇ s life. Although its incidence ranks the second in malignant tumors in female reproductive system, mortality rate of women with ovarian carcinoma ranks the first in malignant tumors in female reproductive system because about 70 percent of ovarian carcinomas are already in advanced stage when they are found in clinic. Development of a malignant tumor is a multi-step process, including oncogene activation and / or inactivation of tumor suppre,;sor genes, resulting in increased proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of the cells. Similarly, the occmTence of ovarian carcinoma is a resuk of multi-steps of interactions of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes associated with proliferation and differentiation of the cells. Dysfunction of the genes results in development of a tumor because normal cells in all stages of cytogenesis, development, differentiation can develop abnormal （mutant） genes, which leads to emergence of a new treatment strategy--gene therapy. Successful application of gene therapy in the field of tumors lays a foundation for gene therapy of ovarian carcinoma. In the latest explorations for treatment of ovarian carcinoma, gene therapy is impressive and in animal experiments and clinical study of patients with Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ stages of ovarian carcinoma, some progresses have been achieved, which makes gene therapy becomes a new and prospects-broad treatment following surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.