人格测验正反向题目的时间效应

Time Effect of Positively and Negatively Question in Personality Questionnaire.

目的通过分析人格测验正反向题目的时间效应,探讨人格测验中题目陈述方式对测验效度及质量的影响,为测验编制及研究提供参考。方法1230名士兵完成计算机呈现的艾森克人格问卷,记录被试完成每个题目所需要的时间,将正反向题目平均用时进行对比分析。结果反向题目整体平均用时显著高于正向题目平均用时(P<0.01);得分的反向题目平均用时显著低于得分的正向题目(P<0.01);未得分的反向题目平均用时显著高于未得分的正向题目(P<0.01)。结论反向题目的引入可以减少人格测验的反应偏差,提高测验的效度,但也会在一定程度上影响被试作答的心理过程。因此在测验编制的过程中应平衡使用正反向题目,但反向题目的语言要尽量简洁明了,减少对被试作答的影响。

Objective To investigate the effects of item narrative directions to validity of questionnaire, by studying time effects of positively and negatively worded items, and to offer suggestions on compiling and studying scales. Methods 1230 soldiers completed computerized Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ）. And compare the mean time for positively and negatively worded items, which were recorded when they completed the test. Results Mean time for negatively worded items was obviously longer than positively worded items （P〈0. 01） ; mean time for scored negatively worded items was obviously shorter than scored positively items; and mean time for non-scored negatively worded items was obviously longer than non-scored positively worded items （P〈0. 01）. Conclusion Using negatively worded items can reduce response bias, increase test validity; however, it also can influence psychological processes for answering items. So positively and negatively worded items should be used with balance in compiling questionnaires, but words for negatively worded items should be concise enough to reduce the influence.