定县农民戏剧试验及对中国农村文化建设的启示

The Peasant Drama Experiment in Dingxian and Its Enlightenment to Cultural Construction of Chinese Rural Areas

1932-1937年熊佛西领导的河北定县农民戏剧试验是一次重要的乡村文化建设尝试,它的时代背景为中国20世纪30年代农村社会经济凋敝、农民积贫积弱的现状,以及当时的中国文化界存在一种"向下看"的大众化潮流。定县农民戏剧是中华平民教育促进会晏阳初所领导的"定县乡村建设试验"的一个有机组成部分,试验过程中产生了不少经典的农民戏剧文本,并极大地调动了定县农民大规模参加话剧演出的热情,在试验中首次出现农民自发建造剧场。从对中国农村文化建设的角度看,定县戏剧试验在文化切入途径、跨越文化障碍、"树人"等方面取得丰硕经验。

From 1932 to 1937, the peasant drama experiment in Dingxian led by Xiong Foxi was an important attempt of cultural construction in the countryside. The background was the depressed economy in Chinese rural areas in 1930＇s and the poor mind in peasants, simultaneously Chinese cultural circles had the popular tidal currency of ＂looking to the underclass＂. The peasant drama experiment in Dingxian is also a part of the ＂Dingxian village construction experiment＂ organized by Yah Yangchu who is a leader of the Committee of China Popular Education. In the drama experiment, numerous classical drama plays of peasant were born and inspired them to attend playing in the drama in mass. Also it was the first time that the peasant built the theatre by themselves in Chinese history in this experiment. From the view of Chinese cultural construction in countryside, this experiment reap the fruits about the entrance to the rural culture,across the obstacle of culture and developing the mind of peasant.