神经病理性疼痛机制研究进展

Advances in study on mechanism of neuropathic pain

神经病理性疼痛程度重、治疗效果差，严重影响患者生活质量。神经病理性疼痛的病因有创伤、压迫、神经毒性药物、感染、自身免疫性疾病、肿瘤、维生素缺乏等，模拟这些病因的神经病理疼痛动物模型已大部分建立起来，极大地促进了对神经病理性疼痛的研究。神经病理性疼痛的发病机制复杂，目前认为既有外周神经敏化又有中枢神经系统敏化，除受损神经敏化，未受损神经以及胶质细胞也参与发病过程。现对近10年来的神经病理性疼痛机制研究的进展作一综述。

Neuropathic pain is a severe choronic pain state which is resistant to rutine management and will greatly influence patients＇quality of life. The causes resulting in such state may include trauma, compression, infection, autoimmune disease, tumors, deficiency of Vitamins and so on. Animal models mimicking most of above pathophysiological processes have been build up and facilitated the research on its specific mechanisms. Both peripheral and central sensitization are illuminated in the complicated mechanisms. In addition to the injured nerves, the intact nerves that share the innervational territory of the injured nerves and glial cells also contribute to the sensitization. This review will focus on the research progress in mechanisms of neuropathic pain.