民族·族群·社群·社区·社会共同体的关联分析

A Relevance Analysis on People,Ethnic Group,Society and Social Community

民族、族群和社群在某个特定空间范围按照不同的方式组合成了不同的社会共同体。但是,不同社会共同体的活动空间范围需要位于该空间(或社区)中的人们的集体建构与有效维护。社会共同体的存续、发展抑或散失、瓦解,很大程度上取决于构成该共同体的民族、族群或社群的意识消长、竞争力大小以及国家的政策支持。民族与社群在不同的情境下会形成不同的共同体,并有可能朝着"民族主义"和"社群主义"的方向发展。族群的认同虽然也会随着情境变化而产生不同的认同,但它基本上是"文化"层面的,而且往往是运用这种"文化"上的认同去谋求利益或效益,亦即它更多地表现为"工具性"的生存策略。但是,在民族认同与族群认同重合和民族社区、族群社区与社群社区趋于一致的情况下,族群的"文化"认同亦有可能转化为政治认同。

Social community is composed of people, ethnic group or society by different way of combination in some given space. But different community active space range is demanded to construct and maintain effectively with their people. The existence, development or disorganization of social community, mostly depend on consciousness variation, competition big or more, and national policy supporting of the community. People and ethnic group are come into different social community under different situations, and form nationalism and association. Although its identification changes with its circumstance, identity of ethnic group is a aspect of culture in the main, and their cultural identity work for benefit. In other words, it is a live tool tactics. Cultural identity of ethnic group transform into political identity under the society convergence.