试论清代中俄文化交流的不平衡性

On the Imbalance of Sino-Russian Cultural Exchanges During the Qing Dynasty

中俄文化关系历史悠久。在1917年前,俄国东正教驻北京传教士团是中俄两国文化交流最主要的渠道。由于文化交流主体和交流渠道相对单一,俄国向中国传播俄国文化以及俄国对中国文化的研究和传播,在深度上和广度上都大大超过了中国向俄国传播中国文化以及中国对俄国文化的研究和引入。清代中俄间文化交流所呈现出的不平衡态势与两国外交政策和文化传统的差异密切相关。

There has been a long history of the cultural relationships between China and Russia. The main channel for the cultural exchanges between the two countries was the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing before 1917. Since the exchanging entities and channels are relatively simple, both the degree of depth and the extent of Russian culture introduced to China exceeded that of Chinese culture introduced to Russia, and Russians did much research work on and dissemination of Chinese culture than Chinese did on Russian culture. The imbalance of Sino- Russian cultural exchanges during the Qing Dynasty was related closely to the great discrepancy between the two countries＇ foreign policies and cultural traditions.