两宋科举与家族文学

Imperial Examination and Family Literature in the Song Dynasties

两宋科举制度对两宋家族及其文学有着重要的影响。科举入仕是一个家族振兴和保持长盛不衰的重要条件,而一般寒族通过科举走上仕途之后,就在一定程度上受到科举制度的保护和照顾,这些保护和照顾措施促进了宋代大量科宦家族的形成。两宋科举制度对家族教育目的和方式有明确的引导性,而科举内容对家族文学创作也产生了一定作用,促使科宦家族向文学家族转化。但家族作为一个重要的社会单元和历史要素,又有其相对的独立性和稳定性,家族的文化传统、文学积淀和某些弹性措施,可以适度调节科举功利性带来的消极影响,维护文学自身的良性发展。

Imperial examination system greatly influenced family literature in the Song Dynasties. Entering the political stratum by taking imperial examination is the important condition for the revitalization of the family. Protection and care measures of this system led to the formation of government official family. Imperial examination system guided the purpose and method of family education, influenced the family literature, and promoted the transformation from government official family to literature family. However, family culture and literature background can adjust the negative effect brought by imperial examination, and maintained benign development of literature.