室内空气中甲醛、苯系物的污染特征分析

Analysis on the Pollution Characteristics of Formaldehyde and Alkyl Benzenes in Indoor Air

选取百户新装修居室进行室内空气中甲醛、苯系物的监测,发现新装修居室中甲醛污染严重,超标率达80%,近1/3超标2倍以上;苯系物中以甲苯、二甲苯的污染为主要特征,超标率分别为10%,23%,苯污染不显著,3种苯系物经SPSS13.0统计学分析在0.05水平显著相关,具有同源性。另选取4户装修居室进行甲醛、苯系物浓度随时间的变化规律研究发现,甲醛、苯系物浓度都随时间呈逐步下降趋势,在装修后的前3个月释放速率最快,而后趋于平缓。甲醛释放具有长期性,并通过理论推断和具体实验获得同一结论;苯系物在装修3个月后基本释放完全,严重污染的约需6个月。对于实验过程中温度、湿度、材料种类和负载量以及空气交换率等影响因素进行了分析,说明以保证实验结果的可靠性。

The formaldehyde and alkyl benzenes in indoor air were monitored in 100 newly renovated rooms, it was found that the formaldehyde pollution was very serious, which exceeded standards 80%, nearly one third exceeded standards more than 2 times. Toluene pollution and xylene pollution were the major characteristics of alkyl benzenes pollution, and exceeded standards over 10% and 23% respectively; the pollution of benzene was not significant. Through the statistical analysis by SPSS13.0, the three kinds of alkyl benzenes were significantly correlated at level of 0.05, and were homologous. Besides, another 4 renovated rooms were chosen to study the changing rule of formaldehyde concentration and alkyl benzenes concentration with time, it was found that the concentration of formaldehyde concentration and alkyl benzenes gradually descended in the first three months after renovating, and then tended to be slow. Formaldehyde＇s long-term release was proved through theoretical and experimental methods. The release of alkyl benzenes would be almost finished in three months, and even in six months when the pollution was serious. Finally, temperature, humidity, material type and loading as well as air exchange rate in the experimental process were analyzed in order to ensure the reliability of the results.