旱坡地截流蓄水种植沟耕作技术及其水肥效益研究

Tillage Techniques of Water-storage Planting Ditches and Its Benefits in Dry Slope Farmland

根据宁南山区的气候特点和生产现状，通过截流蓄水种植沟，保护垄（埂）和地膜覆盖为一体，采取耕作、栽培、轮作培肥、蓄水保墒管理，在坡耕地截流蓄水沟耕作技术下，以夏秋作物单种、套种等形式．建立了以旱坡耕地截流蓄水保墒，促进农田水分转化效率与大幅度提高农田生产力状况相适应的耕作技术体系。结果表明：该项耕作技术能有效地增蓄天然降水，控制水土流失，提高作物防旱抗旱能力，明显提高作物对有限降水的生产效率。粮油作物单种和分带套种增产60％以上，作物生长期间抗旱保墒率提高14．6％～17．8％，蓄墒率提高42．5％～71．5％，水分生产效率提高40％以上。

According to the climatic features and the production condition of south Ningxia mountain area, we take the water - storage pIanting ditches, protected furrows and plastic film cover as an integrated techniques, by using of the methods such as tillage,cultivating,rotation planting, fertilizing, water saving and soil moisture maintaining etc., planting crops singly or intercropping, multiping storage ditches on hilly farmland,and establishing a tillage technical system to conserve water and maintain soil moisture,and to promot the water conversing and to raise the famland productivity on such hilly land. The resuIt shows that this tillage technique is very useful in saving the precipitation and controlling the soil and water loss,so it can strengthen the drought resistance of crops,raise the water use efficiency and productivity of crops. As an average grain and oilcrop yield can get raise of 60% in single planting and intercropping planting; the rate of drought resistance, soil moisture maintain in growth period can raise of 14. 6% ~ 17. 85%;soll molsture storage efficiency reached 42. 5% ~71. 5% higher than the traditional tillage method;the efficiency of water productivity can get of more than 4o%.