利用原位电法加热技术开发油页岩的物理原理及数值分析

Physical principle and numerical analysis of oil shale development using in-situ conversion process technology

针对目前国内传统地面干馏油页岩技术的缺点，并结合油页岩自身特性，介绍了一种新的油页岩开发技术—原位电法加热开发技术（ICP）。该技术可以解决传统油页岩开发技术在开发过程中高成本、高污染的难题。对油页岩高温热解失重及热破裂特征进行的分析结果表明：在350-500℃时，油页岩具有集中热解的特性，失重质量约占总质量的15％。高温热解后的油页岩会产生大量的孔隙、裂隙，从根本上提高了油页岩的渗透性，孔隙和裂隙的形成为应用ICP技术开采中油气的产出创造了条件。基于ICP开发技术的原理，建立了考虑化学反应热的能量守恒方程，并采用三维有限元法，对油页岩ICP原位电法加热开发过程进行了数值分析，获得了开发过程中温度场随时间的变化规律及地下油页岩热解范围，并计算了ICP技术在小规模开发过程中油气的产量。

According to the properties of oil shale, the in-situ conversion process （ICP） technology for oil shale development was proposed. This technology has the advantages of low cost and less pollution which is different from the traditional technology for oil shale development. The weightlessness of high-temperature dry distillation and thermal cracking characteristics of oil shale showed that the main pyrolysis zone of oil shale ranged from 350℃ to 500℃. The weightlessness accounts for 15% of the total quality. The oil shale after high-temperature pyrolysis produced lots of pore and fracture, which could effectively improve the permeability of oil shale and create good conditions for output of oil and gas. The energy conservation equation considering the chemical reaction heat was established on the basis of the ICP technology. The numerical simulation of oil shale development using ICP technology was car- ried out with 3D finite element method. The variation laws of temperature changing with time and pyrolysis area of oil shale under ground were obtained. The outputs of oil and gas were calculated in the small scale oil shale development area using ICP technology.