侵权责任法调整对象研究

A Comparative Research on the Object of Tort Law

侵权责任法调整的是侵害民事权利而产生的责任关系,"权利"和"利益"不是并列关系。民事利益受损害,在侵权法是权利受侵害的结果。国外立法,特别是日本的判例、学说和民法典的修定,均否认"权利"之外"利益"的存在。我国侵权责任立法中,有一种观点主张侵权法除调整侵害权利产生的社会关系外,还应调整侵害所谓单纯利益产生的关系。此种主张欠妥。为避免争议,侵权法也可延用《民法通则》第106条"侵害他人财产、人身的,应当承担民事责任"的规定。

The object of tort law is the liability relationship of the infringement of civil rights. ＂Right＂ and ＂interest＂ are not paralleled. In tort law, the infringement of interests is the result of the infringement of rights. In a comparative law research, we found that all the foreign laws, especially the Japanese precedents, theories and the modification of the Civil Code, denied the existence of ＂interests＂ beyond ＂rights＂. There was a kind of views in China that tort law should regularize not only the social relationship of the infringement of rights, but also the socalled relationship of the infringement of pure interests. It is not correct. In order to avoid arguments, we can also continue to use the regulations of Article 106 of the General Principles of the Civil Law： ＂Citizens and legal persons who through their fault encroach upon state or collective property or the property or person of other people shall bear civil liability. ＂