整体史观视角下的美国“环岛屿防务链”

The Offshore Island Chain of the United States Under the Holistic View of History

"环岛屿防务链"是美国国务卿艾奇逊在1950年初提出的,并于1951-1954年建立,是旨在维护美国在西太平洋地区的国家利益的重要防线,也是美国在20世纪50年代构建的西太平洋集体防务体系的核心部分。构成"环岛屿防务链"的诸条约是一个不可分割、彼此呼应的防御整体,但是,这几个条约在美国的西太平洋地区安全战略中所处的地位是有差异的。《澳新美安全条约》、《美菲共同防御条约》和《美台共同防御条约》的重要性要低于《美日安全保障同盟》。这几个条约重要性的排序实际上反映出美国在西太平洋安全防御中实施的是以日本为重要依靠对象的防务战略。

The offshore island chain, first publicly mentioned by the Secretary of State Acheson in early 1950, was established during 1951-1954 and became an important defense line designed to maintain American national interests in the Western Pacific. It represented the core part of the Western Pacific collective defense system developed by the United States in 1950s. Those treaties which constituted the offshore island chain were integrated and worked in concert with each other, yet there were discrepancies in their statuses in the Western Pacific security strategy of the United States. The Security Treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States, the Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States and the Republic of Philippines, and the Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States and the Republic of China were not as important as the Security Treaty between the United States and Japan. This reflected that the defense strategy US implemented for protection of the Western Pacific security relied on Japan as the most important part.