标准与专利池:使用专利许可领导市场

Standardization and Patent Pools: Using Patent Licensing to Lead the Market

解释了为什么以利润为目的的公司参与标准化活动和特别关注标准与专利的关系,并从经济学角度,使用反公共的悲剧和跨越式发展的概念分析了这个问题。反公共的悲剧解释了为什么公司交叉授权他们的专利许可以及为什么标准化组织的专利政策包含交叉授权。跨越式发展解释了为什么拥有为实施标准的必要专利的公司将他们的专利许可授予没有相关专利的公司。通过向外授予专利许可,公司在短期内可以获得经济利益,在长期可以获得影响市场发展的战略机会,并为民营公司提供一些建议。

This paper explains why profit-seeking companies participate in standardization activities and patent pools, and paying special attention to the relation between standards and patents. It examines the question from the perspective of economic theory using the concepts of the tragedy of the anti-commons and leapfrogging. The tragedy of the anti-commons explains why companies cross-license their patents and the patent policies of standardization organizations imply cross-licensing. The leapfrogging describes why companies who own essential patents to implement standards license their patents to companies who have no related patent. By granting licenses to others, companies are rewarded in the short term with economic benefits, and in the long term with strategic opportunities to exert influence on market trends. In the final section, recommendations are given to private companies, based on the considerations given in this paper.