儒家政治秩序的基本图式及其作用机理

Basic Model and Its Operation Mechanism of Confucianists' Political Order

儒家思想是一种以探询理想政治秩序为旨归的价值体系。围绕政治主体(实体)、社会规范、政治秩序力这三个政治秩序的基本构成要素及其运行机理,以天命、人性、阴阳这三个基本哲学命题为本体论依据,以君权神授、血缘认同、古远传统、精英崇拜为合法性资源,儒家建构一个精巧的政治秩序样式,并对其作用机理作出了精致的安排。在结构安排上,坚持以"三纲八目、内圣外王"为总纲,以"己-家-君(国)"为秩序载体、以三纲五常为秩序规范、以仁政和家长式权威为秩序力。在作用机理上,主张"天理-礼法-人情"、"天-君-民"的三角互动和"天-君-臣-民"、"己-家-国"的双向互动。

Confucianism is the value system that take the pursuit of ideal political order as its ultimate goal. According to political order＇s three basic ingredients （political subjects, social norm, order force） and its operation mechanism, taking as the basis three ontological propositions： ＂desting, humanity and Yin-yang＂ and taking monarch＇s right given by God, the blood recognition, ancient tradition and elite worship as the legal resourses, Confucianists established their exquisite political order model and made fine arrangements of its operation mechanism. In structure, they took the general saint＇s principle as the general principle. They take the ＂individual-family-monarch （state）＂ as the vehicle of order, take as the order norm the three cardinal guides （i. e. ruler guides subject, father guides son, and husband guides wife） and the five constant virtures （i. e. benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fedelity） as specified in the feudal ethical code, and take the benevolent government and the patriarchal authority as the order force. In operation mechanism, they advocated the triangle interaction of ＂justice-proprieties-human feelings＂ and the triangle interaction of ＂heaven-monarch-subject＂. They also advocated the two-way interaction between Heaven, monarch, subjects and the common people and the two-way interaction between the individuals, families and the state.