权利的防御权能与行政机关的消极义务

Defensive Power of Rights and Negative Obligation of Administrative Organizations

权利的防御权能,是指权利主体应享有的一种要求其他人承担不得侵害其权利的不作为义务的能力。在一个真正实行宪政和法治的国家,公民基本权利的防御权能,应主要是针对国家机关的。从基本权利的防御权能充分化的视角,可对国家行政机关应承担的相应消极义务,进行系统的条理化分析。

The defensive power of rights refers to the capacity of the subjects of rights to request others to bear the obligation of inaction that jeopardizes and infringes on their rights. In a state with real implementation of constitutional government and the rule of law, defensive power of the citizens＇ basic rights should be mainly aimed at the state organs. From the perspective of full realization of the defensive power, systematic and orderly analysis can be made as to the corresponding negative obligation that the state＇s administrative organizations should bear.