恢复性司法视野下的被害人承诺制度研究

Study of Victim Promise System from Perspective of Rehabilitation Justice

传统刑事司法认为犯罪是需要给予报应的针对国家的行为,犯罪必须接受惩罚,惩罚表达了社会对犯罪的谴责和对正义的追求,并且也可以用以威慑犯罪人和其他企图破坏社会规范的人。支配传统刑事司法的刑事政策是报应性和惩罚性的。恢复性司法是一种崭新的解决纠纷的方式,被害人及其亲友、整个社区都被认为是犯罪行为的受害者。最为典型的恢复性司法运动就是所谓"被害人—犯罪人和解"或"被害人—犯罪人调解"。恢复性司法运动最初主要适用于未成年人犯罪,现在则开始扩大至成年人犯罪,并且由最初仅仅适用于轻微犯罪、财产性犯罪向现在的严重犯罪甚至暴力性犯罪扩展。由此引起了刑法理论界对被害人问题的关注。

The traditional justice against the criminal offence holds that crime is an act against the country that should be punished. The punishment is the pursuit of justice and the social denouncement of the crime. The punishment can be used to deter the criminal and the people who attempt to violate the social norms. The criminal policy governing the traditional justice against the criminal offence is retributive and punitive. The rehabilitation justice is a new way of settling disputes and the victim himself, his relatives and friends and the whole community are all regarded as the victims. The most tyrical rehabilitation justice campaign is the so-called＂the reconciliation or the mediation between the victim and the criminal＂. The rehabilitation justice campaign aims at juvenile delinquency at first and now it has extended to cover the adult crimes. It has extended from dealing with the minor offence and property offence to dealing with the serious crimes or the violence crimes. All this has aroused great concern from the criminal law theorists.