欧洲城市森林及城市林业

Urban forest and urban forestry in Europe

文章介绍了欧洲主要国家及城市的城市森林概貌。目前关于城市林业的理解,不同国家的观点不同,但基本同意城市林业是一个综合体、是综合性的学科;城市林业目的在于为城市树木资源建立长期的政策与规划;强调城市森林能够提供的经济、环境、社会—文化产品及服务;是一项需要公众参与的事业。

This paper aims to give a broad overview of the state of urban forest and different understanding of urban forestry in European countries, which would provide a reference for development and management of urban forest in China. Based on the data from 50 cities in Europe, the overall proportion of green space in European urban areas ranges from 4%-53%. The average vegetation coverage of urbanized area is 7%. More than 50% of the population can access to the green spaces within 15 minutes by walk. Most cities have 50～60 street trees for each 1000 inhabitants. 4 types of urban woodland could be distinguished in European urban areas： closed woodlands surrounding city; woodland islands within city; dispersed woodland within urban matrix; small woodland area in parks within city. There are different understandings of urban forestry in different European countries, but many agree on that the urban forestry is an integral part and a multidisciplinary science. It is a strategic measure to develop longer-term polices and plans for urban trees. It is aimed at delivering multiple benefits that urban forest can provide and developing partnerships among all stakeholders.