论“科研漂移”对我国大学的负面影响及其对策(下)

On Countermeasure of Eliminating Negative Influence of Scientific Research Drift on the University

"科研漂移"是指科研活动从大学的教学单位和中心课程构架中分离出去的现象。在我国,"科研漂移"主要表现为:高等教育的科技经费投入总量和人均值都低于科研机构和大中型企业;高校之间的科研资源分配向部属大学、重点大学和综合大学集中,很不均衡;大量发明专利向科研机构和工矿企业转移以及大学内部科研与教学分离。导致"科研漂移"的主要原因是由前苏联传承而来的科学院与高校相互分离的制度、高等教育的"金字塔"结构和高校内部科研与教学的职能分离。"科研漂移"对大学的负面影响表现为:人文、科学研究的智慧成就不能及时有效地传递到下一代人,降低了高校人才培养的水平,体现不出真正意义上的高等教育。消除"科研漂移"现象的基本对策是:改革现行科学院与普通高校相互分离的制度,重新组合科学院与普通高校之间的关系,科技资源应当依据大学的类别层次进行相对均衡的分配,坚持洪堡大学理念。

＂Scientific research drift＂ means separation of scientific research from teaching departments and central courses in universities. In China the overall and per capita scientific research funds of higher education are lower than that of scientific research institutions and large and medium-sized enterprises. Scientific research resources are concentrating on universities under the Ministry of Education, key universities and comprehensive universities while a large number of invention patents are drifting to scientific research institutions and enterprises. And in universities scientific research is separated from teaching. The main reason for the drift is the separation of scientific research institutions from universities inherited from the former Soviet Union, the pyramid structure of higher education and separation of research from teaching in universities. The negative influence of scientific research drift on universities is that achievements in humanity studies and natural sciences can not be transfered to younger generations in time,the standard of teaching is lowered and in this sense the higher education is not re- al higher education. The countermeasures of eliminating the negative influence of the drift is to reform the current system of separation of research institutions from universities, adjust the relationship between research institutions and universitics and allocate scientific resources according to the categories and levels of universities. The more important is to insist on the idea of Wilhem von Humboldt＇s University.