论罗曼努斯与934年新律

On Romanos and His Novel Promulgated in 934

马其顿王朝时期是拜占庭历史上的又一个黄金时代。这一时期的主要矛盾是社会差别的扩大和土地大量集中于权贵手中。因此，调适权贵与贫弱者之间的关系成为历代皇帝，特别是罗曼努斯所关注的核心问题。针对土地问题，罗曼努斯先后于922年和934年颁布了“新律”。其中，后者不仅是对前者的简单补充，而是像前者一样基于公共税收，在沿袭古法，调整古法之矛盾的基础上，针对紧迫而尖锐的现实问题，纳入了对权贵群体的界定等诸多重大内容，把宗教语言与道德说教、抽象的理念与法令的可操作性及严密性结合在一起。这些内容与特征反映了罗曼努斯的人生历程与当时帝国所面临的内外形势，反映了制度变迁的基本逻辑。

In the 'Golden Age' of Byzantium, one of the main issues for the government was to reduce the conflict between the 'powerful' and the 'poor' to prevent the centralization of arable land into the 'powerful'. As a result, several Novels were promulgated by the emperors. Romanos, one of the concerned Emperors, promulgated Novels in 922 and 934. The 934 Novel was not a simple supplement to the earlier one. Rather, it was designed to adjust the previous legislations promulgated by the other emperors. In addition, the 934 Novel contains other important terms including a new definition of the powerful. To understand the real meaning of this Novel, it is necessary to analyze its social backgrounds and the long- term history of the Byzantium.