汉代“百官所聚”之“府”

On the Meaning of Fu(府) as the Working Station for Hundreds of Governmental Officials in the Han Dynasty

“府”原指财货、文书储藏之处。约从秦汉开始，“府”之所指又拓展到“官署”等义域。从汉语史、制度史等层面展开考察，可以得出以下结论：一、汉代官员的公务活动空间，与生活活动空间之间存在着比较明晰的区隔，“府”与“舍”“家”一般不容混淆；二、汉代诸侯王与君主之间确实存在着“等齐”、“同制”的现象，一般诸侯王之治所、宅邸没有称“府”之实；三、汉代“府”之“官署”义在此后逐渐成为其基本义，它对后世及今天的社会政治生活仍产生着重要影响。

Initially, fu refers to the government managed places storing money, goods, and documents. Approximately since the Qin and Han periods, the meaning of fu has extended to referrer office areas. Based up a study of language history and the history of governmental institutions, this article reaches the following conclusions. First of all, fu as a space for public affairs was clearly separated from all kinds of private places and it should not be confounded with She(舍) and Jia(家). Secondly, the regional princes in the Han period adopted the same system of the emperors and their palaces and residences were not called as fu. Thirdly, the usage of term fu referring governmental offices gradually became common practice since the Han dynasty, which was followed by the later dynasties and even influenced today’s terminology.