荀子与亚里士多德“勇敢”观之比较

A Comparative Examination of Xunzi and Aristotle’s Concept of Courage

荀子与亚里士多德的“勇敢”观可谓同异互现。相同之处在于，二者皆认为“勇敢”系出于高尚目的，具有适度性，需要智慧与理智指导的不屈不挠的坚强意志。这体现了中西方社会对于人类自身力量进行适度规范与调整的共同要求。迥异之处则主要体现在内容上彰显政治勇敢与军事勇敢的不同侧重，风格上柔性趋势与刚性趋势的不同择向，这从古典文明源头处昭示了中西民族气质与精英人格模式价值取向的差异性。

The opinions on courage of Xunzi and Aristotle were similar and different in some aspects. They both concluded that courage was indomitable fortitude that rooted in the intention for nobleness, should be moderate and needed the assistance of intelligence and wisdom. The above definition manifested the common requests on the moderate regulation and adjustment of human power in Chinese and western societies. The differences mainly existed in the diverse emphases on signification of courage between in political and military situations, and the distinct choices of style between mild tendency and rigid tendency, which showed the differences of ethical temperament and value orientation of elite personality mode between Chinese and western cultures from the beginning era of the classical civilizations.