英语OVER和汉语“上”的认知语义对比

A Cognitive Contrastive Study of Spatial Concepts in English and Chinese——Reflections on English OVER and Chinese SHANG

本文拟从认知角度对英汉语言中的空间概念作比较分析。其理论前提是:比喻是人类认识世界的重要手段;空间概念主要是通过隐喻表达的,即空间隐喻。空间隐喻是一种意象图示——以空间概念为始源域,构建其他非空间的目标域。人类在认识世界的过程中,空间隐喻起着非常重要的作用,在隐喻认知过程中,除了人的身体体验,人的各种知识也起着相当重要的作用。对于不同文化背景的人来说,隐喻有其共性和个性,因此,空间概念在不同语言中的共性和个性体现了人类认知的共性和个性特点。

A eontrastive study is made on the spatial concept in English and Chinese. The theoretical basis is that metaphor is an important means of experience the world and spatial concept is mainly expressed by means of metaphor spatial metaphor whieh is a kind of image sehema. In the projection of eognition, the source domain is spatial concept and the target domain is the non-spatial concept. Spatial metaphor, physical experienee and the eneyelopedia knowledge play an important part in the process of world eognition. Metaphor is influeneed by different euhures, eustoms, history and values. Therefore, the differenees and similarities between different euhures refleet the differenees and similarities of man＇s eognition.