论罗尔斯平等思想

On Rawls's Thoughts of Equality

作为自由主义代表人物的罗尔斯提出自由和平等的普遍社会正义原则,但他更看重平等,因为正义总是意味着平等。他认为正义是社会制度的首要价值,社会基本结构的正义构成了平等的基础。对公民基本权利和义务的分派如政治上的自由、言论和集会自由等公民基本自由要求权利平等原则,不允许公民间基本自由存在任何差别。在收入和财富的分配上,为克服社会偶然因素和自然偶然因素对人与人造成的不平等,他在承认效率原则和形式平等所遵循的纯粹正义的程序的前提下,提出了机会的公平平等原则与差别原则结合的正义第二原则。

Rawls, the representative of liberalism, proposes the universal principle of social justice： freedom and equality. But he thinks equality is more important because justice always means equality. He also thinks that justice is the primary value of social system and the justice of basic social structure is the foundation of equality. There needs to be a principle of equal right and no difference in basic freedom between citizens who are apportioned the basic rights and obligations, such as, the political freedom and freedom of speech and assembly. As for the distribution of income and wealth, he proposes a second justice principle combining both equality and disparity which is based on the premise of the justice procedure followed by the efficiency principle and the form equality in order to overcome the inequality caused by the social accidental factors and the natural accidental factors.