青春期功能性子宫出血患者的健康认知及影响因素调查

Analysis on health cognition in patients of adolescent dysfunctional uterine bleeding and its influencing factors

目的了解青春期功能性子宫出血（以下简称青春期功血）患者对该病的认知、行为和康复情况；了解社会生活、心理、情绪及社会支持对青春期功血的影响。方法选取北京妇产医院妇科门诊、内分泌门诊、中医门诊及住院的青春期功血患者60例与健康者60例作病例对照研究，采用自制青春期功血患者调查问卷、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、社会支持量表进行面访调查。结果青春期功血患者中有26．7％对该病不了解，有48．3％连续治疗不足3个周期，有38．3％是无规律的治疗；青春期功血患者有明显的情绪障碍、较少的社会支持、生活缺乏规律、对压力调适差、心理压力大，与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在治疗青春期功血同时，要加强相关知识教育，强调规律治疗的重要性，改善求医治疗行为，同时帮助患者建立规律的饮食起居，加强心理疏导，改善人际关系，是非常重要的。

Objective To investigate the cognition, behavior and recovery of patients of adolescent dysfunctional uterine bleeding （ADUB）, and to investigate the influence of social activities, psychology, emotion and social supports on those patients. Methods 60 cases of ADUB were selected from outpatient department of gynecology, outpatient department of endocrinology, outpatient department of TCM and inpatients of Beijing Obstetrics ＆ Gynecology Hospital. A case-control study was carried out among these 60 cases of ADUB and 60 healthy cases. Then a face-to-face interview was conducted by using the self-designed ADUB questionnaire, Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）. Results There were 26. 7% ADUB patients who were unknown to the disease, 48.3% patients whose continuous treatment was less than 3 months and 38.3% patients who were given irregular treatment. ADUB patients had obvious emotion disorder, little social supports, irregular living, poor pressure adjustment and heavy psychological pressure, showing a significantly difference compared to the control group （ P 〈0. 05）. Conclusions It is very important to strengthen the education, give regular treatment, improve the care-seeking and treatment behavior, help patients to form regular living, strengthen the psychological leading and improve the social relationship in those patients.